Japanese grammar · reference
The affected-person passive
The event happened; now place the person living with its consequences inside the sentence.
The camera switch
Xが V。 → （私は）Xに Vられる。
The affected person becomes the subject and is often omitted. The source of the event takes に.
| Scene | Affected-person package |
|---|---|
| Someone’s action disrupts you | 隣の人に騒がれて、眠れなかった。 |
| A natural event catches you | 雨に降られて、びしょぬれになった。 |
| Your possession is affected | 友達にケーキを食べられた。 |
| Your body is affected | 電車で足を踏まれた。 |
| A welcome action affects you | 先生にほめられて、うれしかった。 |
Fast diagnostic
- Who experienced the consequence?
- What person or event caused it? Mark that with に.
- Was a possession or body part affected? Keep it with を.
- Add the result or feeling when it is not obvious.